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Switch to nasm for consitency

This commit is contained in:
Robbe Van Herck 2019-12-28 13:50:46 +01:00
parent 143a516cce
commit 8fc6b1cdd3
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GPG Key ID: A66F76F7B81BD784
3 changed files with 91 additions and 110 deletions
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2
Makefile
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ run_kernel: compile_kernel
qemu-system-i386 -kernel target/kernel.bin
compile_kernel:
i686-elf-as kernel/boot.s -o target/boot.o
nasm -felf32 kernel/boot.asm -o target/boot.o
i686-elf-gcc -c kernel/kernel.c -o target/kernel.o -std=gnu99 -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra
i686-elf-gcc -T kernel/linker.ld -o target/kernel.bin -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib target/boot.o target/kernel.o -lgcc

90
kernel/boot.asm Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
; Declare constants for the multiboot header.
MBALIGN equ 1 << 0 ; align loaded modules on page boundaries
MEMINFO equ 1 << 1 ; provide memory map
FLAGS equ MBALIGN | MEMINFO ; this is the Multiboot 'flag' field
MAGIC equ 0x1BADB002 ; 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header
CHECKSUM equ -(MAGIC + FLAGS) ; checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot
; Declare a multiboot header that marks the program as a kernel. These are magic
; values that are documented in the multiboot standard. The bootloader will
; search for this signature in the first 8 KiB of the kernel file, aligned at a
; 32-bit boundary. The signature is in its own section so the header can be
; forced to be within the first 8 KiB of the kernel file.
section .multiboot
align 4
dd MAGIC
dd FLAGS
dd CHECKSUM
; The multiboot standard does not define the value of the stack pointer register
; (esp) and it is up to the kernel to provide a stack. This allocates room for a
; small stack by creating a symbol at the bottom of it, then allocating 16384
; bytes for it, and finally creating a symbol at the top. The stack grows
; downwards on x86. The stack is in its own section so it can be marked nobits,
; which means the kernel file is smaller because it does not contain an
; uninitialized stack. The stack on x86 must be 16-byte aligned according to the
; System V ABI standard and de-facto extensions. The compiler will assume the
; stack is properly aligned and failure to align the stack will result in
; undefined behavior.
section .bss
align 16
stack_bottom:
resb 16384 ; 16 KiB
stack_top:
; The linker script specifies _start as the entry point to the kernel and the
; bootloader will jump to this position once the kernel has been loaded. It
; doesn't make sense to return from this function as the bootloader is gone.
; Declare _start as a function symbol with the given symbol size.
section .text
global _start:function (_start.end - _start)
_start:
; The bootloader has loaded us into 32-bit protected mode on a x86
; machine. Interrupts are disabled. Paging is disabled. The processor
; state is as defined in the multiboot standard. The kernel has full
; control of the CPU. The kernel can only make use of hardware features
; and any code it provides as part of itself. There's no printf
; function, unless the kernel provides its own <stdio.h> header and a
; printf implementation. There are no security restrictions, no
; safeguards, no debugging mechanisms, only what the kernel provides
; itself. It has absolute and complete power over the
; machine.
; To set up a stack, we set the esp register to point to the top of our
; stack (as it grows downwards on x86 systems). This is necessarily done
; in assembly as languages such as C cannot function without a stack.
mov esp, stack_top
; This is a good place to initialize crucial processor state before the
; high-level kernel is entered. It's best to minimize the early
; environment where crucial features are offline. Note that the
; processor is not fully initialized yet: Features such as floating
; point instructions and instruction set extensions are not initialized
; yet. The GDT should be loaded here. Paging should be enabled here.
; C++ features such as global constructors and exceptions will require
; runtime support to work as well.
; Enter the high-level kernel. The ABI requires the stack is 16-byte
; aligned at the time of the call instruction (which afterwards pushes
; the return pointer of size 4 bytes). The stack was originally 16-byte
; aligned above and we've since pushed a multiple of 16 bytes to the
; stack since (pushed 0 bytes so far) and the alignment is thus
; preserved and the call is well defined.
; note, that if you are building on Windows, C functions may have "_" prefix in assembly: _kernel_main
extern kernel_main
call kernel_main
; If the system has nothing more to do, put the computer into an
; infinite loop. To do that:
; 1) Disable interrupts with cli (clear interrupt enable in eflags).
; They are already disabled by the bootloader, so this is not needed.
; Mind that you might later enable interrupts and return from
; kernel_main (which is sort of nonsensical to do).
; 2) Wait for the next interrupt to arrive with hlt (halt instruction).
; Since they are disabled, this will lock up the computer.
; 3) Jump to the hlt instruction if it ever wakes up due to a
; non-maskable interrupt occurring or due to system management mode.
cli
.hang: hlt
jmp .hang
.end:

109
kernel/boot.s
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@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
/* Declare constants for the multiboot header. */
.set ALIGN, 1<<0 /* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
.set MEMINFO, 1<<1 /* provide memory map */
.set FLAGS, ALIGN | MEMINFO /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
.set MAGIC, 0x1BADB002 /* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) /* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
/*
Declare a multiboot header that marks the program as a kernel. These are magic
values that are documented in the multiboot standard. The bootloader will
search for this signature in the first 8 KiB of the kernel file, aligned at a
32-bit boundary. The signature is in its own section so the header can be
forced to be within the first 8 KiB of the kernel file.
*/
.section .multiboot
.align 4
.long MAGIC
.long FLAGS
.long CHECKSUM
/*
The multiboot standard does not define the value of the stack pointer register
(esp) and it is up to the kernel to provide a stack. This allocates room for a
small stack by creating a symbol at the bottom of it, then allocating 16384
bytes for it, and finally creating a symbol at the top. The stack grows
downwards on x86. The stack is in its own section so it can be marked nobits,
which means the kernel file is smaller because it does not contain an
uninitialized stack. The stack on x86 must be 16-byte aligned according to the
System V ABI standard and de-facto extensions. The compiler will assume the
stack is properly aligned and failure to align the stack will result in
undefined behavior.
*/
.section .bss
.align 16
stack_bottom:
.skip 16384 # 16 KiB
stack_top:
/*
The linker script specifies _start as the entry point to the kernel and the
bootloader will jump to this position once the kernel has been loaded. It
doesn't make sense to return from this function as the bootloader is gone.
*/
.section .text
.global _start
.type _start, @function
_start:
/*
The bootloader has loaded us into 32-bit protected mode on a x86
machine. Interrupts are disabled. Paging is disabled. The processor
state is as defined in the multiboot standard. The kernel has full
control of the CPU. The kernel can only make use of hardware features
and any code it provides as part of itself. There's no printf
function, unless the kernel provides its own <stdio.h> header and a
printf implementation. There are no security restrictions, no
safeguards, no debugging mechanisms, only what the kernel provides
itself. It has absolute and complete power over the
machine.
*/
/*
To set up a stack, we set the esp register to point to the top of the
stack (as it grows downwards on x86 systems). This is necessarily done
in assembly as languages such as C cannot function without a stack.
*/
mov $stack_top, %esp
/*
This is a good place to initialize crucial processor state before the
high-level kernel is entered. It's best to minimize the early
environment where crucial features are offline. Note that the
processor is not fully initialized yet: Features such as floating
point instructions and instruction set extensions are not initialized
yet. The GDT should be loaded here. Paging should be enabled here.
C++ features such as global constructors and exceptions will require
runtime support to work as well.
*/
/*
Enter the high-level kernel. The ABI requires the stack is 16-byte
aligned at the time of the call instruction (which afterwards pushes
the return pointer of size 4 bytes). The stack was originally 16-byte
aligned above and we've pushed a multiple of 16 bytes to the
stack since (pushed 0 bytes so far), so the alignment has thus been
preserved and the call is well defined.
*/
call kernel_main
/*
If the system has nothing more to do, put the computer into an
infinite loop. To do that:
1) Disable interrupts with cli (clear interrupt enable in eflags).
They are already disabled by the bootloader, so this is not needed.
Mind that you might later enable interrupts and return from
kernel_main (which is sort of nonsensical to do).
2) Wait for the next interrupt to arrive with hlt (halt instruction).
Since they are disabled, this will lock up the computer.
3) Jump to the hlt instruction if it ever wakes up due to a
non-maskable interrupt occurring or due to system management mode.
*/
cli
1: hlt
jmp 1b
/*
Set the size of the _start symbol to the current location '.' minus its start.
This is useful when debugging or when you implement call tracing.
*/
.size _start, . - _start