Compare commits
2 commits
Author | SHA1 | Date | |
---|---|---|---|
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f9dcb7a5b7 | ||
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dea250ee13 |
5 changed files with 253 additions and 196 deletions
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@ -11,14 +11,8 @@ To compile, you need:
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- `nasm` for compiling the bootloader
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- `qemu-system-i386` for emulating (`qemu-system-x86_64` will probably work too, but that is not directly supported)
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More information about installing a cross compiler can be found [here](https://wiki.osdev.org/GCC_Cross-Compiler#The_Build).
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If you run `make bin`, it will generate `target/boot.bin`, this is a binary file layed out as described in [the docs](docs/bootloader.md). To burn it on a USB drive, simply `dd if=target/boot.bin of=/dev/sdb` and the drive is bootable and contains an SFS filesystem with the files in `filesystem/`.
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In case there are errors in the bootloader you can use `make compile_kernel` to only compile the kernel.
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To run TABS in the qemu simulator run `make run`.
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## Bootloader
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The bootloader is self-written, based on articles on [the OSDev wiki](https://wiki.osdev.org/). It's a single stage, ELF-loading bootloader in the most basic way possible.
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@ -21,60 +21,65 @@ __attribute__((interrupt)) void NAME (interrupt_frame* frame, uint32_t err_code)
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bsod(frame, STR, err_code); \
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}
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terminal_state state;
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void exception_set_terminal_state(terminal_state* s){
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terminal_state_copy(s,&state);
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}
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void bsod(interrupt_frame* frame, char* err_msg, int32_t err_code) {
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terminal_initialize();
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terminal_writestring("An exception occured: ");
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terminal_writestring(err_msg);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"An exception occured: ");
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terminal_write_str(&state,err_msg);
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if(err_code != -1) {
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terminal_writestring(" (error code = 0x");
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terminal_writeint(err_code, 16);
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terminal_writestring(")");
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terminal_write_str(&state," (error code = 0x");
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terminal_write_int(&state,err_code, 16);
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terminal_write_str(&state,")");
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}
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terminal_writestring("\nHere's what we know:\n");
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terminal_writestring("eip = 0x");
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terminal_writeint(frame->eip, 16);
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terminal_writestring("\ncs = 0x");
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terminal_writeint(frame->cs, 16);
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terminal_writestring("\neflags = 0b");
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terminal_writeint(frame->eflags, 2);
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terminal_writestring("\n(");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"\nHere's what we know:\n");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"eip = 0x");
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terminal_write_int(&state,frame->eip, 16);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"\ncs = 0x");
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terminal_write_int(&state,frame->cs, 16);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"\neflags = 0b");
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terminal_write_int(&state,frame->eflags, 2);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"\n(");
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terminal_writestring((0x0001 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "NC,": "CY,");
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terminal_writestring((0x0004 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "PE,": "PO,");
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terminal_writestring((0x0010 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "AC,": "NA,");
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terminal_writestring((0x0040 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "ZR,": "NZ,");
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terminal_writestring((0x0080 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "NG,": "PL,");
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terminal_writestring("TF:");
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terminal_writeint((0x0100 & frame->eflags) >> 8, 2);
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terminal_putchar(',');
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terminal_writestring((0x0200 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "EI,": "DI,");
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terminal_writestring((0x0400 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "DN,": "UP,");
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terminal_writestring((0x0800 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "OV,": "NV,");
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terminal_writestring("IOPL:");
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terminal_writeint((0x3000 & frame->eflags) >> 12, 10);
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terminal_putchar(',');
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terminal_writestring("NT:");
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terminal_writeint((0x4000 & frame->eflags) >> 14, 2);
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terminal_putchar(',');
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terminal_writestring("RF:");
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terminal_writeint((0x0001000 & frame->eflags) >> 16, 2);
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terminal_putchar(',');
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terminal_writestring("VM:");
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terminal_writeint((0x0002000 & frame->eflags) >> 17, 2);
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terminal_putchar(',');
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terminal_writestring("AC:");
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terminal_writeint((0x0004000 & frame->eflags) >> 18, 2);
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terminal_putchar(',');
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terminal_writestring("VIF:");
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terminal_writeint((0x0008000 & frame->eflags) >> 19, 2);
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terminal_putchar(',');
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terminal_writestring("VIP:");
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terminal_writeint((0x0010000 & frame->eflags) >> 20, 2);
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terminal_putchar(',');
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terminal_writestring("ID:");
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terminal_writeint((0x0020000 & frame->eflags) >> 21, 2);
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terminal_putchar(')');
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terminal_write_str(&state,(0x0001 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "NC,": "CY,");
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terminal_write_str(&state,(0x0004 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "PE,": "PO,");
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terminal_write_str(&state,(0x0010 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "AC,": "NA,");
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terminal_write_str(&state,(0x0040 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "ZR,": "NZ,");
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terminal_write_str(&state,(0x0080 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "NG,": "PL,");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"TF:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x0100 & frame->eflags) >> 8, 2);
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terminal_write_char(&state,',');
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terminal_write_str(&state,(0x0200 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "EI,": "DI,");
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terminal_write_str(&state,(0x0400 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "DN,": "UP,");
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terminal_write_str(&state,(0x0800 & frame->eflags) != 0 ? "OV,": "NV,");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"IOPL:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x3000 & frame->eflags) >> 12, 10);
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terminal_write_char(&state,',');
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terminal_write_str(&state,"NT:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x4000 & frame->eflags) >> 14, 2);
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terminal_write_char(&state,',');
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terminal_write_str(&state,"RF:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x0001000 & frame->eflags) >> 16, 2);
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terminal_write_char(&state,',');
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terminal_write_str(&state,"VM:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x0002000 & frame->eflags) >> 17, 2);
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terminal_write_char(&state,',');
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terminal_write_str(&state,"AC:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x0004000 & frame->eflags) >> 18, 2);
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terminal_write_char(&state,',');
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terminal_write_str(&state,"VIF:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x0008000 & frame->eflags) >> 19, 2);
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terminal_write_char(&state,',');
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terminal_write_str(&state,"VIP:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x0010000 & frame->eflags) >> 20, 2);
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terminal_write_char(&state,',');
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terminal_write_str(&state,"ID:");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(0x0020000 & frame->eflags) >> 21, 2);
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terminal_write_char(&state,')');
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for(;;) {
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asm("hlt");
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@ -27,20 +27,25 @@ static inline bool are_interrupts_enabled() {
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void kernel_main(void)
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{
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/* Initialize terminal interface */
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terminal_initialize();
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terminal_state state;
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terminal_initialize_state(&state);
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terminal_putchar('H');
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terminal_putchar('e');
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terminal_putchar('l');
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terminal_putchar('l');
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terminal_putchar('o');
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terminal_set_color(&state, VGA_COLOR_BLACK, VGA_COLOR_RED);
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terminal_write_char(&state, 'H');
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terminal_set_color(&state, VGA_COLOR_BLACK, VGA_COLOR_GREEN);
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terminal_write_char(&state, 'e');
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terminal_set_color(&state, VGA_COLOR_BLACK, VGA_COLOR_BLUE);
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terminal_write_char(&state, 'l');
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terminal_set_color(&state, VGA_COLOR_BLACK, VGA_COLOR_MAGENTA);
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terminal_write_char(&state, 'l');
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terminal_set_color(&state, VGA_COLOR_BLACK, VGA_COLOR_WHITE);
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terminal_write_char(&state, 'o');
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terminal_setcolor(vga_entry_color(VGA_COLOR_GREEN, VGA_COLOR_BLACK));
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terminal_writestring(" kernel");
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terminal_setcolor(vga_entry_color(VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY, VGA_COLOR_BLACK));
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terminal_writestring(" World!\n");
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terminal_writestring("Newlines!\n");
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terminal_set_color(&state, VGA_COLOR_GREEN, VGA_COLOR_WHITE);
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terminal_write_str(&state," kernel");
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terminal_set_color(&state, VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY, VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
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terminal_write_str(&state," World!\n");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"Newlines!\n");
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char* memory_str = alloc(sizeof(char) * 7);
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for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
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@ -54,11 +59,13 @@ void kernel_main(void)
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}
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management_str[13] = 0;
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terminal_writestring(memory_str);
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terminal_writestring(management_str);
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/* terminal_write_str(&state,memory_str); */
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/* terminal_write_str(&state,management_str); */
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terminal_writestring((are_interrupts_enabled())? "Interrupts!\n": "No interrupts :(\n");
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terminal_write_str(&state, (are_interrupts_enabled())? "Interrupts!\n": "No interrupts :(\n");
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shell_set_terminal_state(&state);
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exception_set_terminal_state(&state);
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interrupt_init();
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for(;;) {
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@ -11,31 +11,36 @@
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char buffer[SHELL_CMD_BUFFER_SIZE];
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int buffer_idx = 0;
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terminal_state state;
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void shell_set_terminal_state(terminal_state* s){
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terminal_state_copy(s,&state);
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}
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int echo(char* input) {
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terminal_writestring(input);
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terminal_putchar('\n');
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terminal_write_str(&state,input);
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terminal_write_char(&state,'\n');
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return 0;
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}
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int hello(char* unused) {
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terminal_writestring("Hello, world!\n");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"Hello, world!\n");
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return 0;
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}
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int cls(char* unused) {
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terminal_initialize();
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terminal_clear_state(&state);
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return 0;
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}
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int get_gdt(char* unused) {
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gdt_desc desc = {2,2};
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sgdt(&desc);
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terminal_writestring("limit = ");
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terminal_writeint(desc.limit, 10);
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terminal_writestring("\nbase = 0x");
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terminal_writeint(desc.base, 16);
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terminal_putchar('\n');
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terminal_write_str(&state,"limit = ");
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terminal_write_int(&state,desc.limit, 10);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"\nbase = 0x");
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terminal_write_int(&state,desc.base, 16);
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terminal_write_char(&state,'\n');
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gdt_entry* entries = (gdt_entry*) desc.base;
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int num_entries = (desc.limit+1) / 8;
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@ -46,74 +51,73 @@ int get_gdt(char* unused) {
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uint8_t flags = (entry.flags_limit_higher >> 4);
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bool is_data = ((entry.access_byte & 0b00001000) >> 3) == 0;
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//terminal_writestring("\nEntry ");
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//terminal_writeint(entry_num, 10);
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terminal_writestring("base = 0x");
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terminal_writeint(base, 16);
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terminal_writestring("\nlimit = 0x");
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terminal_writeint(limit, 16);
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terminal_writestring("\nflags = 0b");
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terminal_writeint((entry.flags_limit_higher >> 4), 2);
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//terminal_write_str(&state,"\nEntry ");
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//terminal_write_int(&state,entry_num, 10);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"base = 0x");
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terminal_write_int(&state,base, 16);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"\nlimit = 0x");
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terminal_write_int(&state,limit, 16);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"\nflags = 0b");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(entry.flags_limit_higher >> 4), 2);
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if ((flags & 0b1000) == 0) {
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terminal_writestring(" (byte granularity");
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terminal_write_str(&state," (byte granularity");
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} else {
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terminal_writestring(" (page granularity");
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terminal_write_str(&state," (page granularity");
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}
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if ((flags & 0b0100) == 0) {
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terminal_writestring(", 16 bit)");
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terminal_write_str(&state,", 16 bit)");
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} else {
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terminal_writestring(", 32 bit)");
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terminal_write_str(&state,", 32 bit)");
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}
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terminal_writestring("\naccess = 0b");
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terminal_writeint(entry.access_byte, 2);
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terminal_writestring(" (ring ");
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terminal_writeint((entry.access_byte & 0b01100000) >> 5, 10);
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terminal_write_str(&state,"\naccess = 0b");
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terminal_write_int(&state,entry.access_byte, 2);
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terminal_write_str(&state," (ring ");
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terminal_write_int(&state,(entry.access_byte & 0b01100000) >> 5, 10);
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if ((entry.access_byte & 0b00010000) == 0) {
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terminal_writestring(", System");
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terminal_write_str(&state,", System");
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}
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if (is_data) {
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terminal_writestring(", Data");
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terminal_write_str(&state,", Data");
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if((entry.access_byte & 0b00000100) == 0) {
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terminal_writestring(" (growing up, ");
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terminal_write_str(&state," (growing up, ");
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} else {
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terminal_writestring(" (growing down, ");
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terminal_write_str(&state," (growing down, ");
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}
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if((entry.access_byte & 0b00000010) == 0) {
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terminal_writestring("r--)");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"r--)");
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} else {
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terminal_writestring("rw-)");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"rw-)");
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}
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} else {
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terminal_writestring(", Code");
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terminal_write_str(&state,", Code");
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if((entry.access_byte & 0b00000100) == 0) {
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terminal_writestring(" (non-conforming, ");
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terminal_write_str(&state," (non-conforming, ");
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} else {
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terminal_writestring(" (conforming, ");
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terminal_write_str(&state," (conforming, ");
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}
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if((entry.access_byte & 0b00000010) == 0) {
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terminal_writestring("--x)");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"--x)");
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} else {
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terminal_writestring("r-x)");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"r-x)");
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}
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}
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terminal_writestring(")\n");
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terminal_write_str(&state,")\n");
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}
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return 0;
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}
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int ree(char* unused) {
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terminal_initialize();
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terminal_putchar('R');
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terminal_write_char(&state,'R');
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for (int i = 1; i < VGA_WIDTH * VGA_HEIGHT; i++) {
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terminal_putchar('e');
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terminal_write_char(&state,'e');
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}
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return 0;
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}
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|
@ -167,7 +171,7 @@ void shell_step() {
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char curr_char = getchar();
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if (curr_char == '\n') {
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terminal_putchar(curr_char);
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terminal_write_char(&state,curr_char);
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buffer[buffer_idx] = 0;
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int result = run_command(buffer);
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||||
for (int i = 0; i < SHELL_CMD_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) {
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|
@ -176,18 +180,18 @@ void shell_step() {
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buffer_idx = 0;
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||||
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if (result == -1) {
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terminal_writestring("No such command\n");
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terminal_write_str(&state,"No such command\n");
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}
|
||||
} else if (curr_char == 0x08) {
|
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if (buffer_idx != 0) {
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buffer_idx--;
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||||
buffer[buffer_idx] = 0;
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||||
terminal_putchar(curr_char);
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terminal_write_char(&state,curr_char);
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}
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||||
} else {
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buffer[buffer_idx] = curr_char;
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buffer_idx++;
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terminal_putchar(curr_char);
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terminal_write_char(&state,curr_char);
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}
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||||
}
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||||
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|
|
|
@ -5,8 +5,11 @@
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#include <stddef.h>
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#include <stdint.h>
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static const size_t VGA_WIDTH = 80;
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static const size_t VGA_HEIGHT = 25;
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#define VGA_WIDTH 80
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#define VGA_HEIGHT 25
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#define MAX_ENTRIES (VGA_HEIGHT*VGA_WIDTH)
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#define TERMINAL_BUFFER_START 0xB8000
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#define BLANK_CHAR ' '
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||||
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||||
/* Hardware text mode color constants. */
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||||
enum vga_color {
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||||
|
@ -28,83 +31,127 @@ enum vga_color {
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VGA_COLOR_WHITE = 15,
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||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
size_t terminal_row;
|
||||
size_t terminal_column;
|
||||
uint8_t terminal_color;
|
||||
uint16_t* terminal_buffer;
|
||||
typedef struct terminal_entry{
|
||||
enum vga_color bg_color;
|
||||
enum vga_color fg_color;
|
||||
char value;
|
||||
} terminal_entry;
|
||||
|
||||
uint8_t vga_entry_color(enum vga_color fg, enum vga_color bg) {
|
||||
return fg | bg << 4;
|
||||
}
|
||||
typedef struct terminal_state{
|
||||
terminal_entry entries[MAX_ENTRIES];
|
||||
int position;
|
||||
enum vga_color bg_color, fg_color;
|
||||
} terminal_state;
|
||||
|
||||
uint16_t vga_entry(unsigned char uc, uint8_t color) {
|
||||
return (uint16_t) uc | (uint16_t) color << 8;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
size_t strlen(const char* str) {
|
||||
size_t len = 0;
|
||||
while (str[len])
|
||||
len++;
|
||||
return len;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void terminal_initialize(void) {
|
||||
terminal_row = 0;
|
||||
terminal_column = 0;
|
||||
terminal_color = vga_entry_color(VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY, VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
|
||||
terminal_buffer = (uint16_t*) 0xB8000;
|
||||
for (size_t y = 0; y < VGA_HEIGHT; y++) {
|
||||
for (size_t x = 0; x < VGA_WIDTH; x++) {
|
||||
const size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
|
||||
terminal_buffer[index] = vga_entry(' ', terminal_color);
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* Clear the terminal with only blank spaces */
|
||||
void __terminal_clear(terminal_state* state){
|
||||
uint16_t* terminal_buffer = (uint16_t*) TERMINAL_BUFFER_START;
|
||||
uint16_t empty_color = VGA_COLOR_BLACK | VGA_COLOR_GREEN << 4;
|
||||
for(size_t y=0;y<VGA_HEIGHT;++y)
|
||||
for(size_t x=0;x<VGA_WIDTH;++x){
|
||||
size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
|
||||
terminal_buffer[index] = (uint16_t) ((unsigned char)BLANK_CHAR) | (uint16_t) empty_color << 8;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void terminal_setcolor(uint8_t color) {
|
||||
terminal_color = color;
|
||||
/* Initialise a state, i.e. put every char on blank and the default color everywhere */
|
||||
void terminal_initialize_state(terminal_state* state){
|
||||
state->position=0;
|
||||
state->bg_color = VGA_COLOR_BLACK;
|
||||
state->fg_color = VGA_COLOR_WHITE;
|
||||
for(size_t y=0;y<VGA_HEIGHT;++y)
|
||||
for(size_t x=0;x<VGA_WIDTH;++x){
|
||||
size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
|
||||
state->entries[index].value = BLANK_CHAR;
|
||||
}
|
||||
__terminal_clear(state);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void terminal_putentryat(char c, uint8_t color, size_t x, size_t y) {
|
||||
const size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
|
||||
terminal_buffer[index] = vga_entry(c, color);
|
||||
/* Copy the state from one to the other */
|
||||
void terminal_state_copy(terminal_state* from, terminal_state* to){
|
||||
to->position=from->position;
|
||||
to->bg_color = from->bg_color;
|
||||
to->fg_color = from->fg_color;
|
||||
for(size_t y=0;y<VGA_HEIGHT;++y)
|
||||
for(size_t x=0;x<VGA_WIDTH;++x){
|
||||
size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
|
||||
to->entries[index].value = from->entries[index].value;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void terminal_putchar(char c) {
|
||||
/* This function will update the terminal buffer with the given state */
|
||||
void terminal_update(terminal_state *state){
|
||||
__terminal_clear(state);
|
||||
uint16_t* terminal_buffer = (uint16_t*) TERMINAL_BUFFER_START;
|
||||
for(size_t y=0;y<VGA_HEIGHT;++y)
|
||||
for(size_t x=0;x<VGA_WIDTH;++x){
|
||||
size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
|
||||
terminal_entry entry = state->entries[index];
|
||||
uint8_t color = entry.fg_color | entry.bg_color << 4;
|
||||
terminal_buffer[index] = (uint16_t) ((unsigned char)entry.value) | (uint16_t) color << 8;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Update the background color */
|
||||
void __terminal_set_bg_color(terminal_state* state, enum vga_color color){
|
||||
state->bg_color = color;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Update the foreground color */
|
||||
void __terminal_set_fg_color(terminal_state* state, enum vga_color color){
|
||||
state->fg_color = color;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Update the color */
|
||||
void terminal_set_color(terminal_state* state, enum vga_color bg_color, enum vga_color fg_color){
|
||||
__terminal_set_bg_color(state, bg_color);
|
||||
__terminal_set_fg_color(state, fg_color);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Write a char to the state */
|
||||
void __terminal_put_char(terminal_state *state, char c){
|
||||
size_t pos = state->position;
|
||||
terminal_entry entry;
|
||||
/* If there is a new line, keep going until the end of the line (with blank space in black) */
|
||||
if(c == '\n'){
|
||||
terminal_column = 0;
|
||||
terminal_row++;
|
||||
return;
|
||||
entry.bg_color = VGA_COLOR_BLACK;
|
||||
entry.fg_color = VGA_COLOR_BLACK;
|
||||
entry.value = BLANK_CHAR;
|
||||
while(pos % VGA_WIDTH){
|
||||
state->entries[pos] = entry;
|
||||
++pos;
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (c == 0x08) {
|
||||
terminal_putentryat(' ', terminal_color, terminal_column, terminal_row);
|
||||
if (terminal_column == 0) {
|
||||
if(terminal_row != 0) {
|
||||
terminal_row--;
|
||||
terminal_column = VGA_WIDTH - 1;
|
||||
state->position = (pos % MAX_ENTRIES);
|
||||
}
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
terminal_column--;
|
||||
}
|
||||
terminal_putentryat(' ', terminal_color, terminal_column, terminal_row);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
terminal_putentryat(c, terminal_color, terminal_column, terminal_row);
|
||||
if (++terminal_column == VGA_WIDTH) {
|
||||
terminal_column = 0;
|
||||
if (++terminal_row == VGA_HEIGHT)
|
||||
terminal_row = 0;
|
||||
else{
|
||||
entry.bg_color = state->bg_color;
|
||||
entry.fg_color = state->fg_color;
|
||||
entry.value = c;
|
||||
state->entries[pos] = entry;
|
||||
state->position = ((pos+1) % MAX_ENTRIES);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void terminal_write(const char* data, size_t size) {
|
||||
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
|
||||
terminal_putchar(data[i]);
|
||||
/* Write a char to the state and run an update */
|
||||
void terminal_write_char(terminal_state *state, const char c){
|
||||
__terminal_put_char(state, c);
|
||||
terminal_update(state);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void terminal_writestring(const char* data) {
|
||||
terminal_write(data, strlen(data));
|
||||
/* Write a string to the state and run an update */
|
||||
void terminal_write_str(terminal_state *state, const char* str){
|
||||
size_t len = 0;
|
||||
while (str[len]) {
|
||||
__terminal_put_char(state, str[len]);
|
||||
++len;
|
||||
}
|
||||
terminal_update(state);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Clear the terminal en reset the state to the initial state */
|
||||
void terminal_clear_state(terminal_state* state){
|
||||
__terminal_clear(state);
|
||||
terminal_initialize_state(state);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
char* itoa(unsigned int value, char* result, int base) {
|
||||
|
@ -129,10 +176,10 @@ char* itoa(unsigned int value, char* result, int base) {
|
|||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void terminal_writeint(int number, int base) {
|
||||
void terminal_write_int(terminal_state* state,int number, int base) {
|
||||
char* result = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX";
|
||||
itoa(number, result, base);
|
||||
terminal_writestring(result);
|
||||
terminal_write_str(state, result);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#endif //TERMINAL_C
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue